Cilician Coinage

The following are a series of images taken from various locations within Cilicia associated with key numismatic mints.

Author in Ephesus standing in front of the Stadium

Tetrapylon gateway at Aphrodisias

Mosaic of Thetis in the backyard of Kurdish family at Anazarbus

Fairy Chimneys at Cappadoccia

Goddess "Cilicia" - personification of the province (often synonymous with Tyche, the city goddess); mosaic tile from museum in Antioch (Antakya)

Author with Kurdish family under entry archway; Anazarbus acropolis on rocky crag above

Antioch's first church (Apostles Peter and Paul's grotto)

Istanbul's Blue Mosque

The Library of Celsus at Ephesus

The following coins come from several of my favorite mint locations within Cilicia: Adana, Corycus, Elauissa-Sebaste, and Tarsus.

Author in Cilicia (seated with 400 year-old olive tree)

Adana

dana is located near the center of an agricultural region relying on the cotton and textile industries for its local economy. In terms of ancient resources the area has much to offer the tourist or explorer. The remains of early Mesopotamian civilizations are ever present. The fertile plains are speckled with ancient Hittite and Assyrian mounds known in Turkey as “huyuks.” In fact, there are so many huyuks in this area that the majority have not been excavated or archeologically mapped only numbered. Strolling around these mounds of collapsed mud-brick and debris, stacks of pottery shards and pot handles, and occasionally beads or pottery whorls litter the surface. However, with heavy rains and some luck, that isn’t all that is revealed.  Of course one must balance any possible disturbance of an abandoned site with natural curiosity and a zeal for exploration. 

During one trip to a large huyuk just outside of the city, I came upon several large white marble pillars jutting up beyond the grass and dirt surface along with hundreds of pieces of broken Roman glass. Such a finding speaks to the fact that although typically assigned to the Hittites and Assyrians, huyuks have been attributed to overlapping Greek and Roman fortifications, temples and burial sites. In addition to such remains of early civilizations, Adana and the area around the city contain several Roman structures in varying states of preservation. Perhaps the best preserved is a Roman bridge built by Hadrian and later repaired by Justinian (Tas Kopru) that continues to support the present-day traffic of Turkey’s fourth largest populace.  Provincial coins minted in Adana typically date from the Roman Imperial era and are relatively diverse. The local archeological museum contains a small selection of these pieces and is well worth a visit.

One phenomenon I found to be true at all the ancient sites in Turkey was when there are Americans or Europeans around, the locals will have something to sell. With the common salutation, “Merhaba abi” (hello brother) a small bag of ancient artifacts, coins, or similar items was frequently produced for viewing. At huyuk mounds these items most often consisted of pottery shards, stamped pot handles, and Byzantine, Roman Provincial, or Armenian and Ottoman coins found while planting or plowing the fields surrounding the mounds.

CILICIA, Adana ca. after 164 B.C. Æ 26mm Obv.: Veiled head of Demeter Rev.: Zeus seated Ref: SNG Levante 1201 (this coin; Author's collection)

Cilicia, Adana, c. 164-27 BC. Æ 21.64 mm, 8.94 g). Diodotos, magistrate. Athena with Aegis. Victory. SNG Levante 1221 var. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Adana Caracalla 198-217 AD Æ 37mm, 25.91g, 6h Obv: [AVT KAIC M] AVP ANTΩ[NЄINOC] CЄB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust to right Rev: [AΔP CЄV ANTΩNINIANΩN] AΔANЄ[ΩN], Zeus Nicephorus seated to left, holding sceptre; [eagle standing left at feet, head right]. Ref: Levante, Adana -; SNG Levante -; SNG France -; SNG von Aulock -; SNG Pfälzer -; SNG Leypold -; ex. Roma 78; see Triton XVIII, lot 882 for type (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Adana. AE (41mm, 34.12g) Plautilla (Augusta, 202-205) Obv: ΦOYΛOYIAN ΠΛAYTIΛΛAN CЄBACTHN, Draped bust right; star to left; crescent above star to right; c/m: Victory in circular incuse Rev: AΔPIANѠN AΔANЄѠN, Caracalla on horseback right, preparing to spear lion below, running left. Ref: For coin: SNG Levante 1228; SNG France –; for c/m: Howgego 257. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Adana. Septimius Severus, 193-211 AD Æ Hexassarion 34 mm, 25.18g, 4h Obv: AYT K Λ CЄΠ CEYHPOC [...] Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Septimius Severus to right. Rev: CЄΥΗΡΗΝⲰΝ ΑΔΑΝ[ΕΩΝ] Caracalla on horseback galloping to right, about to spear a lion running to left below. Ref: Unpublished; Leu 19 lot#2274 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Adana Trajan Decius 251 – 253 A.D. Æ 32 (22.02g) Obv.: Laur. bust of emperor Crown countermark Rev.: Zeus seated with eagle below Ref: SNG Levante Supl 298 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Adana CILICIA. Adana. Valerian I (253-260). Æ 30mm, 15.02g Obv: AV KAI ΠOΛ ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC CB Laureate and cuirassed bust right. Rev: AΔPIANΩN AΔANЄωN Zeus (with features of Valerian) seated left on throne, holding patera and sceptre. SNG BN 1889-90; SNG Levante 1236. (Author's collection) - one of the finest examples known

Anazarbus

Gate at Anazarbus (Citadel in view)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Germanicus under the reign of Claudius 41-54 AD Æ 30mm, 16.90g Year 67 = 48/9 A.D. Obv.: Bare hd. bust of emp. r. ΓΕΡΜΑΝΙΚΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ Rev.: Bust of Zeus Olybris in front of mountain with acropolis, ΚΑΙϹΑΡΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟϹ ΤΩ ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ, ΕΤΟΥϹ ΖΞ (in field) Ref: RPC I, 4060; SNG Levante 1366; Ziegler 35.1-43.1; ex. Gorny & Mosch (2003; lot 1809); Gorny & Mosch (2002, lot 1391) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Germanicus under the reign of Claudius 41-54 AD Æ 27mm, 17.00g Year 67 = 48/9 A.D. Obv.: Bare hd. bust of emp. r. ΓΕΡΜΑΝΙΚΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ Rev.: Bust of Zeus Olybris in front of mountain with acropolis, ΚΑΙϹΑΡΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟϹ ΤΩ ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ, ΕΤΟΥϹ ΖΞ (in field) Ref: RPC I, 4060; SNG Levante 1366; Ziegler 35.1-43.1 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Caracalla. AD 198-217. Æ 36mm, 22.27g, 6h. Dated CY 218 (AD 199/200). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΑΥΡ ΑΝΤωΝΕΙΝΟϹ; Rev: Tetrastyle temple with star in pediment; ΑΝΤωΝΕΙΝΙΑΝωΝ ΑΝΖΑΡΒΕωΝ (sic), ΝΕωΚΟΡωΝ ΕΤ ΗΙϹ (date) in exergue. Ziegler – (but cf. 288 for Septimius Severus with same reverse type and date); SNG BN –; SNG Levante –; SNG Levante Suppl. –; RPC V.3, ID 84595 (1 of 3 known) see CNG 395 lot 290 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Lucius Verus, 161-169 AD Æ Tetrassarion 30mm, 17.79g, 1h CY 182 = 163/4. Obv: ΑYΤ Κ Λ ΑYΡΗΛΙΟϹ ΟYΗΡΟϹ ϹЄΒ YC[...] Bare head of Lucius Verus to right, with slight drapery on his left shoulder. Rev: ΚΑΙϹ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟϹ ΤΩ ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ / ЄΤ ΒΠΡ Temple with ten columns. Ref: RPC IV.3 online 3649; Ziegler 201-203. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Severus Alexander 222-235 AD CY 48 = 229/30 Æ Hexassarion 34mm, 24.44g Obv: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ Α ϹΕ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟϹ Rev: Two tetrastyle temples, seen in perspective; ΑΝΑΖ(ΑΡ) ΕΝΔΟΞ ΜΗΤΡΟ(ΠΟ) Γ Β ΕΤ ΗΜϹ (or Β Γ ΕΤ ΗΜϹ) (date) in exergue. Ref: Ziegler 542.4 (Vs1/Rs8) = RPC VI Online 7339.14; SNG BN –; SNG Levante 1461. ex. Numismad 9, lot 903 (Aug 2023) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Severus Alexander. AD 222-235. Æ Hexassarion (35mm, 26.40 g, 6h). Dated CY 248 (AD 229/30). Obv: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ Α ϹΕ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟϹ Rev: Two tetrastyle temples, seen in perspective; ΑΝΑΖ(ΑΡ) ΕΝΔΟΞ ΜΗΤΡΟ(ΠΟ) Γ Β ΕΤ ΗΜϹ (or Β Γ ΕΤ ΗΜϹ) (date) in exergue. Ziegler 542.4 (Vs1/Rs8) = RPC VI Online 7339.14 (this coin); SNG BN –; SNG Levante 1461 (same obv. die). ex W. Toliver Besson Collection (Ziegler 542.4), ex. CNG Triton XXVII, lot 5442 (Jan 2024), ex. CNG 475, lot 474 (Aug 2020); London Coin Galleries 3, lot 102 (Nov 2016); Münzen und Medaillen AG 41, lot 548 (June 1970) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Severus Alexander 222-235 AD CY 48 = 229/30 Æ Hexassarion 34mm Obv: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ Α ϹΕ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟϹ Rev: Two tetrastyle temples, seen in perspective; ΑΝΑΖ(ΑΡ) ΕΝΔΟΞ ΜΗΤΡΟ(ΠΟ) Γ Β ΕΤ ΗΜϹ (or Β Γ ΕΤ ΗΜϹ) (date) in exergue. Ref: Ziegler 542.4 (Vs1/Rs8) = RPC VI Online 7339.14; SNG BN –; SNG Levante 1461. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Julia Mamaea. Augusta, AD 222-235. Æ Tetrassarion (24mm, 11.71 g, 12h). Dated CY 249 (AD 230-1). Obv: Empress facing right, ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΜΑΜΕΑ (or ΜΑΜΑΙΑ) ϹΕ(ΒΑ); Rev: Octastyle temple, ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟΥ (ΜΗΤΡΟ) Γ Β ΕΤ ΘΜϹ; Ref: SNG Levante 1478; RPC VI, 7395 (this coin imaged); ex Righetti collection, ex. CNG 530, lot 514 (Jan 2023) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Julia Mamaea (Augusta, 222-235). Æ 23mm, 8.97g Dated CY 248 (229-30 AD). Obv: ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΜΑΜЄΑ. Diademed and draped bust right. Rev: ΑΝΑΖ ЄΝΔΟΞ Μ / Β - Γ / ЄΤ ΗΜϹ. Winged caduceus. Ref: RPC VI online 7360 (4 spec.); Ziegler 495. ex. Numismatik Naumann 138, lot 357 (Mar 2024) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Philip I the Arab 244-249 AD Dated RY 263 (244/5 AD). Æ 33mm, 16.93g Obv: ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΙΟΥΛ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟϹ ϹƐΒΑϹ; Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠ ƐΤ, ΓΞϹ, ƐΛƐΥΘƐΡΟΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥ Female figure (Koinoboulion) seated left, holding cornucopia and casting vote in vase; to left tree. Ref: RPC 21751; Ziegler, Anazarbos, 736–41 (Author's collection)

Aegeae

CILICIA, Aegeae. Hadrian 117-138 AD, CY 180 (133-4 AD) AR Tetradrachm, 27mm, 12.99g Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚΡ ΚΑΙΣ ΤΡΑΙΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟ ΣΕΒ. Laureate and cuirassed bust right. Rev: ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ ΕΤΟΥС ΠΡ. Eagle standing facing, head upturned right, with wings spread; in exergue, goat kneeling right. Ref: Prieur 721; SNG Levante 1719. (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Aegae. Domitian with Domitia (81-96). Ae 26mm, 13.70g. Isidoros, magistrate. Dated CE 135 (AD 88/9). Obv: Laureate head of Domitian right facing draped bust of Domitia left. Rev: ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ ΕΛΡ ΕΙϹΙΔΩΡΟΥ. Two aplustres within laurel wreath. RPC II 1773.1 = SNG Levante 1708 (this coin); SNG BN 2322. Ex Classical Numismatic Group MBS 69 (2005), lot 1057 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Aegeae. Severus Alexander, 222-235. Diassarion (Bronze, 24 mm, 12.32 g, 12 h). Obv: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Severus Alexander, right, seen from rear, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΑΥΡ ϹΕΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟϹ; Rev: boot, left, around which serpent is coiled, surmounted by bust of Asclepius (left), ΑΔΡΙ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥΠΟΛ ΑΙΓΕΩΝ ΕΟϹ. Ref: Coin no. 8 of RPC VI, 7187; ex. Leu 20, lot 2046 (June 2022) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Aegeae Valerian I 253-260 AD CY 14=AD 253/254 Æ 25mm, 8.65 g Obv: ΑΥ ΚΑ ΠΟΥ ΛΙΚ ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΒ, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: AIΓAIωN NЄ[ωKOPO] / ЄT T, eagle with spread wings standing in distyle temple. Ref: SNG Paris 2386; RPC X, ID 60660 (this coin imaged). ex Leu Numismatik 3, Lot 631 (Feb 2018); Savoca 167, lot 214 (June 2023) (Author's collection)

Theater at Elaussa-Sebaste

Elaioussa-Sebaste

Approximately 100 miles west of Adana (15 miles east of Silifke along highway E-24) one cames to Kizkalesi, a resort town of sorts with the central feature of dual Armenian castles.  However, to focus on these castles is to miss the miles and miles of ancient Greek and Roman ruins that line the drive and coast toward the city.  The area is dotted with necropoli, abandoned and dilapidated temples and the remains of over 10 miles of Roman aqueducts (most date between the 3rd and 7th century AD).  One of the first destinations along this way is Elaeussa-Sebaste whose remains consisted of a small amphitheater, temple, bath and cistern as well as fortification walls and other less-defined structures (under excavation by an Italian team of archeologists since 1995).  Finding coins from the area is not difficult and again the diversity of material that local farmers and merchants bring is surprising.  Bronzes minted in the local areas were naturally the most plentiful.  Examples from the 1st century BC such as SNG France 1150 (Laureate head of Zeus/Nike advancing with wreath), BMC 21.184,134; Sear 5771 (Zeus enthroned/Club within oak-wreath), and SNG France 1086 (Tyche/Hermes carrying caduceus) are commonly produced for tourists interested in a keepsake from their travels.

ISLANDS off CILICIA, Elaioussa Sebaste. Circa 95-94 BC. AR Tetradrachm 15.60g Turreted, veiled, and draped bust of Tyche right / Female (Aphrodite?) standing left, holding tiller; monogram and aplustre to outer left, AN to inner left; all within laurel wreath. Callataÿ, Production, unlisted dies; Houghton & Bendall Group 1, 1-2 (unlisted dies); SNG France 1152; SNG Levante -. Extremely rare, the tenth known tetradrachm of Elaioussa Sebaste. ex. Numismatic Lanz 64, lot 101 (1993) (Author's collection)

ISLANDS off CILICIA, Elaioussa Sebaste. Circa 95-94 BC. AR Tetradrachm 15.74g, 1h Turreted, veiled, and draped bust of Tyche right / Female (Aphrodite?) standing left, holding tiller; monogram and aplustre to outer left, AN to inner left; all within laurel wreath. Callataÿ, Production, unlisted dies; Houghton & Bendall Group 1, 1-2 (unlisted dies); SNG France 1152; SNG Levante -. Extremely rare, the ninth known tetradrachm of Elaioussa Sebaste. ex. Roma Numismatics 106, lot 339 (2023) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 21 (5.52g) Obv.: Laur. hd. of Zeus r., E Rev.: Nike flying l. ELAIOUSSIWN (monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 824 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 21 (5.52g) Obv.: Laur. hd. of Zeus r., E Rev.: Nike flying l. ELAIOUSSIWN (monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 823 var. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 21 (5.93g) Obv.: Laur. hd. of Zeus r., E Rev.: Nike flying l. ELAIOUSSIWN (monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 830 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 21mm (7.74g) Obv.: Laur. hd. of Zeus r., E Rev.: Nike flying l. ELAIOUSSIWN (monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 830 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 18 Obv.: Bust of Tyche, monogram Rev.: Hermes holding phiale and caduceus ELAIOUSIWN Ref: SNG Levante 834 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 18 Obv.: Bust of Tyche, monogram Rev.: Hermes holding phiale and caduceus ELAIOUSIWN Ref: SNG Levante 832-836 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 18 Obv.: Bust of Tyche, monogram Rev.: Hermes holding phiale and caduceus ELAIOUSIWN Ref: SNG Levante 832-836 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 28mm, 14.67g Obv.: Hd. of City-goddess, r., ΘΑ monogram, Rev.: Nike holding wreath & palm-branch ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ CΡ & lituus? Ref: Levante 838 (this coin); ex. CNG 70, 21 Sept. 2005, lot 316 (Author's collection)

Cilicia, Elaeussa-Sebaste 1st cent. B.C. Æ 25 Obv.: Hd. of Athena Rev.: Aphrodite ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ CΡ & lituus? Ref: Levante 839 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 23mm, 9.30g Obv.: head of Tyche, right; before, uncertain monograms Rev.: Nike advancing, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ Ref: SNG Levante 840 (this coin); ex. CNG 134, 1 Mar. 2006, lot 189 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 23mm, 9.90g Obv.: head of Tyche, right; before, uncertain monograms Rev.: Nike advancing, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ Ref: SNG Levante 840; ex. Künker 333, 16 Mar. 2020, lot 550; ex. CNG 266, 19 Oct. 2011, lot 272 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 16 (3.67g) Obv.: Head of Athena Rev.: Nike CΕΒΑCΤ ΗΝωΝ Ref: SNG Levante 841 (Author's collection

Cilicia, Elaeussa-Sebaste 1st cent. B.C. Æ 20mm, 6.60g Obv.: Head of Athena right, wearing crested helmet, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ Rev: Poseidon nude standing right, resting on trident and placing right foot on ship's prow, ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ. Ref: SNG Levante Suppl. 224 (this coin); ex. CNG 90, lot 196 (May, 2004) Author's collection

Cilicia, Elaiussa Sebaste Ca. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 20mm 3.18g Obv.: Dolphin ΜΗΤΙΟΠΟΑ ΠΑΡΔΛΙΟ Rev.: Winged caduceus CΕΒΑCΤ ΗΝωΝ Ref: SNG Levante unpublished; Busso Peus 366 lot 1022 (Oct 2000) ex Marcel Burstein collection (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 18 (6.13g) Obv.: Head of Athena Rev.: Nike CΕΒΑCΤ ΗΝωΝ Ref: SNG PFPS 455 (Author's collection)

KINGS of COMMAGENE. Antiochos IV Epiphanes, with Iotape. ca. 38-72 AD. Æ 22mm, 9.93g Obv: diademed and draped bust of Antiochus IV, right, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ, Ε, ΕΤΥΡ; Rev: naked figure, standing left, on prow, holding aphlaston and sceptre, ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ Ref: RPC I 3721 - only one of two cited. ex. Roma Numismatics (2012) (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Elaeusa-Sebaste. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus (161-180 AD). Ae 20mm 6.41g Obv: bare-headed busts of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, facing each other, both wearing cuirass and paludamentum, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤο ϹΕΒΑϹΤ(ωΝ) Rev: Athena standing, left, holding Nike, resting arm on shield; to right, upright spear, ϹΕΒϹΤΗ(sic) ΜΗΤΡ ΠΑΡ Ref: Ziegler 571 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Elaeusa-Sebaste. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus (161-169). Ae. 3gr. 16.9mm Obv: ΑVΤΟΚΡΑΤ СЄΒΑСΤωΝ. Bare heads of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus facing one another. Rev: СЄΒΑСΤΗ ΜΗΤ / ΠΑΡΑΛIΟΥ. Facing herm on base. RPC IV online 4923.2 = SNG Levante 847 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Lucius Verus 177 - 198 A.D. Æ 35mm, 18.76g Obv.: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind Rev: Cybele seated left on throne, right hand resting on drum set on knee, lions seated left to either side, IOYLIOC [CE]BACT[H], PAPA Ref: BMC Lycaonia -; SNG Levante -; SNG France -; SNG von Aulock - ex. Garth R. Drewry Collection; CNG 110, lot 120 (Mar 2005) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste Julia Domna 193 - 211 A.D. Æ 24mm, Obv.: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Septimius Severus, right, seen from rear, ΑΥ ΚΑΙ Λ ϹΕΠ ϹΕΥΗΡ; Rev: Nike advancing left, holding wreath and palm, ϹΕΒΑ Ι ΑΥΤΟΝ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: SNG Levante 848; SNG Levant Suppl. 230 (this coin); Ziegler 573 (this coin); RPC V.3, ID 84043 (this coin imaged); ex. CNG 90, lot 198 (May 2004) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeussa-Sebaste. Julia Domna 193 - 211 A.D. Æ 22mm, 12.25g Obv.: Bust of emp., r., ΙΟ ΔΟΜΝΑΝ ϹΕΒΑ. Rev.: shrine with arched pediment and two columns enclosing cult statue of Artemis on globe, ϹΕΒΑ Ι ΑΥ ΝΑΥΑΡΧ Ref: SNG Levante 848 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 28mm Obv: Laureate bust of emperor, right, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΑΝΤΩ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev: Asclepius standing facing, head left, holding serpent staff, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ, Π Ϲ Ρ, Δ Ε Τ. Ref: SNG Levante Supplement 231; RPC VII.2, 2942 (only 2 known) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 31mm, 9.61g Obv.: Laureate bust of emperor, r. ΜΑΡ Κ ΑΝΤωΝΙ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev.: Eagle standing right, head left, with aphlaston in beak, spreading wings, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: SNG Levante 852; M&M GmbH 19, lot 251 (May 2006); Leu AG Zürich 28, lot 537 (1981) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 37mm Obv: Laureate bust of emperor, right, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΑΝΤΩ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev: Zeus standing left, holding Nike and sceptre, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΑΥΤ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ. Ref: SNG France 1175 (Author's collection)

CILICA, Elaussa-Sebaste. Gordianus III 238-244 AD. 35mm, 20.94g Obv: Laureate bust of emperor, right, ΜΑΡ Κ ΑΝΤωΝΙ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev: Zeus seated holding lightning bolt, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ. Ref: SNG BN 1174; RPC VII.2, 2945 (no. 7 this coin); ex. Rauch 102, lot 303 (Nov 2016) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaeusa-Sebaste. Tranquillina. 241-244 AD. Æ 29mm, 12.17g Obv: ϹΑΒΙΝΙΑ ΤΡΑΝΚΥΛΛΙΝΑ ΑΥΓ; diademed and draped bust of Tranquillina, r. Rev: ϹƐΒΑϹΤΗ ΑΥΤ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ; cult statue of Artemis standing facing, wearing calathus, with supports, between two stags Ref: SNG Levante 854; RPC VII.2, 2952 (this coin imaged/1 of 2); ex. Themis 8, lot 581 (Oct 2020) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Tranquillina 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 35mm, 24.19g Obv.: diademed and draped bust of Tranquillina, right, ϹΑΒΙΝΙΑ ΤΡΑΝΚΥΛΛΙΝΑ ΑΥΓ Rev.: turreted, veiled and draped bust of Tyche, left, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΑΥΤ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ, ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΑϹ Ref: SNG Levante Supl 233 (this coin), RPC VII.2, 2949 (this coin imaged); CNG 66, lot 1163 (May 2004); Gorny 52, lot 346 (Nov 1990) Author's collection

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste Tranquillina 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 34mm, 21.72g Obv.: diademed and draped bust of Tranquillina, right, ϹΑΒΙΝΙΑ ΤΡΑΝΚΥΛΛΙΝΑ ΑΥΓ Rev.: turreted, veiled and draped bust of Tyche, left, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΑΥΤ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ, ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΑϹ Ref: SNG Levante Supl 233; SNG France 1176; countermark (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaiussa-Sebaste Tranquillina 241-244 AD Æ 32mm, 20.71g Obv: Diad. bust of Empress r.; CABINIA TPANKVAAINAN AVG Rev: Helmeted bust of Athena l.; CEBACTH IEPA AVTON NAVAPXIC Ref: SNG France 1177; RPC VII.2, 2947 (no. 3 this coin); ex CNG 43, 24 Sept 1997, lot 1009 (Author's collection)

Cilicia, Elaiussa-Sebaste, Tranquillina (241-244 AD), AE 33.7 mm, 20.89g. Obv: diademed and draped bust of Tranquillina, right, ϹΑΒΙΝΙΑ ΤΡΑΝΚΥΛΛΙΝΑ ΑΥΓ, Rev: shrine with arched pediment and two columns enclosing cult statue of Artemis on globe, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡΑ ΑΥΤΟ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ. RefL Ziegler 574 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaussa-Sebaste. Valerianus I., 253 - 260 A.D. AE 26mm 11,56g Obv: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Valerian, right, seen from rear, ΑΥΤ Κ Π ΛΙΚ ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΑΝΟϹ Rev: Poseidon standing left, right foot on prow, holding dolphin in right and trident in left, ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΙΕΡΑ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ. Ref: RPC X, ID 60351 (this coin imaged); Lindgren 1655; ex. Franke = Grün 64, lot 2140 (Nov 2014), listed as 11.56; (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elaiousa-Sebaste Valerianus I (253-260 AD). Æ 27mm, 8.9g Obv: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, ΑΥΤ Κ Π ΛΙΚ ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΑΝΟϹ Rev: CEBACT-H-IEPA NAYAP/ XIC; Eagle with open wings standing left; wreath in beak. Ref: SNG Levante 855; RPC X, ID 60350 (this coin imaged); Zeus 17, 5 Jun. 2021, lot 510 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Elausa-Sebaste. Valerian I 253-260 AD Æ 24mm, 5.41g, 7h. ΠΟ ΛΙΚ ΟΥΑΛЄΡΙΑΝOC, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust to right / ϹЄΒΑϹΤΗ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ, draped bust of Sarapis to left. Ref: RPC X, ID 60353 (this coin imaged); SNG BnF 1181. ex. Roma 115, lot 699 (Dec 2023) (Author's collection)

Aerial view of Elaussa-Sebaste

Theater

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste temple terrazzo

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste temple remains

Elaussa-Sebaste aquaduct

Coin hoard found in pot at Elaussa-Sebaste site

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste bascillica tiles

Other Cilician Mints:

Anemurion

CILICIA, Anemurion. Marcus Aurelius & Lucius Verus 161 – 180 A.D. Æ 31mm, Obv.: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of M. Aurelius, seen from rear, looking right facing laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of L. Verus, seen from rear, looking left, ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΥΡ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΟϹ ϹΕ ΚΑΙ ΛΟ ΑΥΡ ΟΥΗΡΟϹ ϹΕ Rev.: Tyche standing facing, wearing kalathos, head left, holding rudder and cornucopia, within distyle shrine, ΑΝΕΜΟΥΡΙΕωΝ ΕΤ Ζ Ref: RPC IV.3, 25221 (1 of 2 known); ex. Akropolis coins (2005) (Author's collection)

Diocaesarea

CILICIA, Diocaesarea. Septimius Severus 193 - 211 A.D. Æ 29mm, 18.40g, Obv.: laureate head of Septimius Severus, right, ΑΥΤΟΚΡ ΚΑΙϹ Λ ϹΕΠΤΙ ϹΕΟΥΗΡΟϹ ΠΕΡ ϹΕΒ Rev.: temple with six columns, with statue of Nike on each side and another on top, enclosing thunderbolt (sometimes on throne); at left, tree on altar, ΑΔΡ ΔΙΟΚΑΙϹΑΡΕωΝ Ref: Levante Suppl. 178 Howgego marks 469 / 337 (Author's collection)

Temple of Zeus as depicted on coin above

CILICIA, Diocaesrea. Otacilia Severa 244 – 249 A.D. Æ 28mm, 13.62g Obv.: Diad. drap. bust, right ΩΤΑΚΙΛCΕΥΗΡΑΝΕΥCCΕΒ Rev.: Arched gateway surmounted by 4 statues ΑΔΡ(Ι)(ΑΝΩΝ) ΔΙΟΚΑΙ(ϹΑΡΕΩΝ) Μ(ΗΤΡ) ΚΕΝ(Ν)(Α), Ref: SNG Levante Suppl. 180; SNG France 8856; ex. Demos 13 lot 565 (2022) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Diocaesrea. Otacilia Severa 244 – 249 A.D. Æ 29mm, 11.30g Obv.: Diad. drap. bust, right ΩΤΑΚΙΛCΕΥΗΡΑΝΕΥCCΕΒ Rev.: Arched gateway surmounted by 4 statues ΑΔΡ(Ι)(ΑΝΩΝ) ΔΙΟΚΑΙ(ϹΑΡΕΩΝ) Μ(ΗΤΡ) ΚΕΝ(Ν)(Α), Ref: SNG Levante Suppl. 180; SNG France 8856 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Diocaesrea. Otacilia Severa 244 – 249 A.D. Æ 32mm, 11.91g Obv.: Diad. drap. bust, right ΩΤΑΚΙΛCΕΥΗΡΑΝΕΥCCΕΒ Rev.: Arched gateway surmounted by 4 statues ΑΔΡ(Ι)(ΑΝΩΝ) ΔΙΟΚΑΙ(ϹΑΡΕΩΝ) Μ(ΗΤΡ) ΚΕΝ(Ν)(Α), Ref: Levante 679 (this coin); ex. CNG 90, 26 May 2004, lot 195 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Diocaesrea. Otacilia Severa 244 – 249 A.D. Æ 32mm, 12.31g Obv.: Diad. drap. bust, right ΩΤΑΚΙΛCΕΥΗΡΑΝΕΥCCΕΒ Rev.: Arched gateway surmounted by 4 statues ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΚΕΝΝ, Ref: SNG Levante 679 (Author's collection)

Triumphal Archway at Diocaesarea (Uzuncaburc) depicted on coin above

Mallos

CILICIA. Mallos. Circa 440-390 BC. AR Stater (20 mm, 10.73 g, 11 h). Obv: Deity in kneeling-running stance to left, holding solar disc with both hands. Rev: MAP Swan, with wings extended, standing right; before, flower; all within incuse circle. Ref: SNG Levante 149 var. (legend). SNG Paris -. SNG von Aulock - among the finest known (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Mallos. Diadumenian. 217-218 AD. Æ 29mm (15.19 gm). Struck year 248 (217 AD). Obv: Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΑ ΟΠΕΛ ΔΙΑΔΟΥΜΕΝΙΑΝΟϹ, Rev: statue of Athena Magarsis seated facing, holding spear, within tetrastyle temple with eagle on pediment; ΜΑΛ ΙΕΡ ΠΟ ΘΕΟ ΑΜΦΙΛΟΧΟΥ ΕΤ ΔΠϹ (date) in exergue. Cf. SNG Levante 1285; SNG von Aulock; ex CNG 68, lot 177 (Jul 2003) (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Mallus Philip I the Arab (244-249 AD) Æ 32mm, 16.00g, 6h Obv: Radiate draped and cuirassed bust of Philip right, IMP M IVL PHILIPPVM AVG Rev: Draped bust of Otacillia Severa wearing stephane right, OTACILIAM SEVERAM ΙΕΡ MAL COL, [—] [—], S C. Ref: SNG France 1930; Lindgren III 870 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Mallus Pseudo-autonomous, time of Trajan Decius 249-251 AD Æ 32mm, 17.60g Obv: SACRA SINATVS, veiled, draped bust of the Senate right, seen from front Rev: MAL-LO-C-OLONIA, Tyche seated left on rocks, grain ears in right hand, between legionary standards marked S and C; two river gods at feet swimming outward in either direction. Ref: RPC IX 1437. Ziegler 918-21. (Author's collection)

Kelenderis

CILICIA. Kelenderis. Circa 430-420 BC. AR Stater (20 mm, 10.84 g, 1 h). Obv: Youthful nude rider seated sideways on horse prancing to left, holding whip in his left hand and preparing to jump off. Rev: KEΛ Goat kneeling left, head turned back to right; above, ivy branch with berries and leaf; all within shallow round incuse. Ref: SNG Paris 48 var. (Π below). SNG vAulock 5624. (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Kelenderis. Circa 410-375 BC. AR Stater (22 mm, 10.52 g, 7 h). Obv: Nude ephebe, holding goad in his right hand and reins in his left, seated sideways on horse prancing right, preparing to jump off. Rev: KEΛ Goat kneeling right, its head turned back to left. Ref: SNG Paris 69 var. (KEΛEN); Casabonne Type 4. (Author's collection)

Seleucia ad Calycadnum

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Severus Alexander. 222-235 AD. Æ 29mm (11.63 gm, 6h). Obv.: Rad. bust of emp., r. ΑΥΚΜΑΥΡCΕΟΥΗΡ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟC Δ Κ countermarks Rev.: Distyle shrine with city-goddess, river god below CΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝΚΑΛΥΚ Ref: SNG Levante supl 196 (this coin) CNG 69 lot 1120 (2005) Author's collection

CILICIA, Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Gordian III (238-244). Æ 34mm, 23.89g Obv: ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟϹ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ ϹЄΒΑϹ. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; c/m: annulet within Δ within triangular incuse. Rev: ϹЄΛЄΥΚЄΩΝ ΤΩ ΠΡΟϹ ΤΩ ΚΑΛΥΚΑΔΝ / ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΑϹ. Nike advancing right, holding wreath and palm. Ref: RPC VII.2 2904; SNG BN 1019; SNG Levante Supp. 206; for c/m: Howgego 670 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Antoninus Pius (138-161). Ae 9.3gr. 24mm Obv: laureate head of Antoninus Pius, right, ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΑΔΡΙ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝοϹ ϹΕΒΑ Rev: Athena standing, left, holding Nike and spear, resting arm on shield, ϹΕΛΕΥΚΩΝ Τ Π ΚΑΛΥ Τ ΙΕΡ ΑϹ ΑΥΤ Ref: RPC IV.3, 4033; ex. CNG 522, 24 Aug. 2022, lot 238 (Author's collection)

Olba

Cilicia, Olba Ajax, High Priest & Toparch (time of Augustus) 10 – 15 A.D. Æ 21 (7.95g) Obv.: Hd. of Ajax as Hermes ΑΙΑΝΤΟΣΤΕΥΚΡΟΥ Rev.: Triskeles ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣΤΟΠΑΡΧΟΥ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΛΑΛΑΣΑ – yr. 1, 10/11 Ref: SNG Levante 630 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Olba. temp Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ (16mm, 4.06 g, 2h). Ajax, High Priest and Toparch. Dated Year 2 of Ajax (AD 12 or 14). TOΠAPX/ KENNAT/ ΛAΛAΣ/ ET B / APXIEP/ AIANTOΣ above thunderbolt, TEYKPOY below. Staffieri, Olba 16; SNG Levante 634 = RPC I 3728.9 (this coin); SNG France 813; ex. CNG 269, lot 262 (Nov 2011) Author's collection

CILICIA, Olba. M. Antonius Polemo III, high priest. 41-69 AD. Æ 16mm (2.41 g, 6h). Obv: Club, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣΜΑΝΤ ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝΟΣ Rev: Harpa on globe, ΟΙΝΟΝΛΑΛΑΣΣΕΩΝ ΚΑΙΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ. Ref: SNG Levante 644 (this coin); SNG France -. ex. CNG 134, lot 240 (2006) Author's collection

Cilicia, Olba Ca. 1st cent. A.D. Æ 24mm, 7.84g Obv.: Empty throne of Zeus Olbius ΕΡ Rev.: Thunderbolt, NI above ΟΛΒΕΩΝΝΙ Ref: Levante 645 (this coin); ex. CNG 90, lot 249 (May 2004) Author's collection

Olba fortress walls (as depicted above on coin)

CILICIA, Olba Pseudo-autonomous issue, time of Vespasian, 69-79 AD Æ 18 mm, 3.86g, 7h Obv: Club tied with fillet. Rev: ΟΛΒΕ/ΩΝ Tall crenellated tower Ref: RPC II 1721A. SNG Levante 646 Staffieri 40; ex. Staffieri Collection, ex Van der Dussen 23, April 1995 #560 Nomos 27 #499 (Author's collection)

Cilicia, Olba Ca. 1st cent. A.D. Æ 20mm, 4.12g Obv.: Crenellated tower Rev.: Club tied with fillets ΟΛΒΕΩΝ Ref: Levante 646 (Author's collection)

Galba Cilicia, Olba 68 – 69 A.D. Æ 23 (11.06g) Obv.: Hd. of emp. r. CΕΒΑCΤΟΝΚΑΙCΑΡΑ ΑΥΤΟΚΡCΕΡΓΙΟΝ ΓΑΛΒΑΝΤΟΝΕΥΕΡΓ Rev.: Harpa on Globe ΒΑCΙΛΕΥCΜΑΝΤ ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝ Ref: SNG Levante 650 (this coin); ex. CNG 134, 241 (Mar 2006) Author's collection

Tarsus (cont.)

Cleopatra's gate in Tarsus

CILICIA. Tarsos. Circa 420-400 BC. AR Stater (19 mm, 10.26 g, 6 h). Obv: Satrap on horseback riding left, wearing kyrbasia and with gorytos at his hip, holding flower in his right hand and reins in his left; behind, eagle standing left on branch; below horse, ankh-like symbol. Rev: Archer kneeling right, drawing bow; behind, ankh-like symbol; all within dotted border within incuse square. Ref: Müseler 9.6.5c. Roma E-Auction 69 (2020), 517. SNG Copenhagen -. SNG Levante -. SNG Paris -. SNG von Aulock -. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Antoninus Pius 138 – 161 AD Æ 31mm, 18.95g Obv.: Laur., drap., cuir. bust, right, ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΙ ΑΙ ΑΔΡ(Ι) ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΟϹ ϹΕΒ ΕΥ Π Π Rev.: Decastyle temple with wreath in pediment, on architrave ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ (around), ΚΟΙΝΟϹ ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑϹ (on architrave) Ref: Levante 1014 (this coin) CNG 66, Lot 1177 (May, 2004) Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Antoninus Pius, 138-161 AD. Tetrassarion 25 mm, 15.10 g, 12 h. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΙ ΑΙ ΑΔΡ[ΙΑ] ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΟС СЄΒ ЄY / Π - Π Laureate head of Antoninus Pius to right. Rev. AΔPIANΩN TAPCЄΩN / MHTPOΠOΛЄ/ΩC Decastyle temple with ΚΟΙΝΟC ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑC on architrave. SNG Paris 1447 (Author's collection)

Author in Tarsus at excavation site

Cilicia, Tarsus Caracalla 193 - 217 A.D. Æ 38 (19.77g) Obv.: Crowned of Demiourgos head of emperor right AUTKΑΙΜΑΥΡ.CЄUΗΡΟC ANTΩNEIHOC P P in ex. Rev.: Galley with sail ANTΩNЄIΝЄΙΑΝΗC CЄUΗΑΔ TARCOU AMK CЄIT in ex. Ref: SNG Levante 1067 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Caracalla, 198-217 AD Æ Pentassarion 32 mm, 13.88g, 7h Obv: AΥT KAI M AΥΡ CЄΥHPOC ANTⲰNЄINOC / Π - ΠP Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Caracalla to right, seen from behind. Rev: ANTⲰNIANHC CEYH AΔP MHTR / TARCOY; She-wolf standing right, head turned back, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus; above, ΔЄK. Ref: SNG Levante -. SNG Paris 1503; Leu 28, lot 2406 (Dec 2023); Sol Numismatik 13, lot 299 (May 2023) Leu 28, lot 2406 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Caracalla, 198-217 AD Æ Hexassarion 33mm, 15.83g, 7h Obv: AYT KAI M AYP CЄYHPOC ANTΩNЄINOC CЄB / Π - [Π] Laureate and cuirassed bust of Caracalla to right, seen from behind. Rev: ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΝΗC / CЄY/Η ΑΔ/Ρ ΜΗΤ / Δ ЄΞ / [A] - M / K – [TAPCOΥ] The Nymphaeum of Tarsus: portico with a central arch and niche to left and right, each containing a fountain; above each niche, quadriga of horses; within the arch, struggling figures; above arch, quadriga of elephants facing below a statue of Skylla. Ref: SNG Levante 1045. SNG Levante Supp. 265. SNG von Aulock 6016. ex. Leu 14, lot 1043 (Dec 2020); ex. Leu 11, lot 1390 (Feb 2020) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Caracalla 193-211 AD. AE 34mm Bust right, wearing crown and garments of the demiourgos, ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ Μ ΑΥΡ ϹΕΥΗΡΟϹ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΟϹ, Π Π / Perseus, holding harpa, and Hercules, holding lion’s skin and club, standing facing one another, supporting between them a bust of Caracalla facing left, ΑΝΤΩΝΕΙΝΙΑΝΗϹ ϹΕΥ ΑΔ, ΤΑΡϹΟΥ, Α Μ Κ Γ Β. SNG BN 1539; SNG Levante 1069 (this coin), CNG 64, 24 Sept. 2003, lot 702 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Macrinus, 217-218. Hexassarion (33mm, 1 h). ΑΥΤ ΚΑ Μ ΟΠЄ ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΟC Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Macrinus to right, seen from front. Rev. CЄYH ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΙΑΝΗC ΤΑΡCΟY ΜΗ[ΤΡ] / Γ / Β Zeus seated left, holding Nike in his right hand and scepter in his left; to left (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Severus Alexander 222-235 AD Æ Hexassarion 38mm, 24.89g, 1h Obv: Α Κ Μ Α СЄΟY ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟС СЄΒ / Π - Π Bust of Severus Alexander to right, wearing crown and garments of the demiourgos. Rev: ΑΛΕΧΑΝΔP AN CЄO AΔ ΜΗT TAPCOY / Α / Μ / Κ - Γ / Β Athena standing front, head to left, holding patera over altar in her right hand and shield and spear in her left. Ref: SNG Levante -. SNG Paris -, RPC VI, 7083 (this coin imaged), CNG 328, lot 356 (2014); Leu 14, lot 1045356 (Dec 2020) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Maximinus Thrax, 235 - 238 AD Æ 36mm, 22.88g Obv: ΑΥΤ Κ Γ ΙΟΥ ΜΑΞΙΜΕΙΝΟ /Σ / Π - Π, draped armor bust with rad. crown Rev: ΤΑΡ / ΣΟΥ / ΜΗΤΡΟΠ / Ο / Α / Μ - Κ / Γ - Β, cult image of the Tyche, river god Kydnos at feet; within tetrastyle aedicula with Syrian gable Ref: SNG Levante - ; RPC VI, 7139 (this coin imaged); ex. German Private Collection of E.L. ex M & M 19, lot 224 (May 2006); Gorny & Mosch 265, lot 1104 (Oct 2019) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Maximinus 235-238 AD Æ 36mm, 17.63g, 6h Obv: ΑΥΤ Κ Γ ΙΟΥ ΟΥΗ ΜΑΞΙΜЄΙΝΟϹ, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to right, Π-Π across fields Rev: ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΤΗ[Ϲ ΜΗΤΡΟ]ΠΟΛЄѠ, Apollo Lykeios standing facing, head to left, holding bow and wolf, Α Μ Κ Γ Β across fields. Ref: RPC VI 7104 (this coin imaged); SNG BnF 1591; SNG Copenhagen 379; Roma Numismatics 113, lot 610 (Sept 2023) (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Maximinus I, 235-238. Hexassarion (36 mm, 28.16 g, 7 h). AYT•K•Γ IOY OYH MAΞIMЄINOC / Π - Π Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Maximinus I to right, seen from behind. Rev. ΤΑΡCΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄωC / A / M / K / Γ / Β Apollo Lykeios standing front on omphalos, head to left, holding wolf by the forelegs in his right hand and bow and arrow in his left. SNG Levante -. SNG Paris 1591, RPC VI, 7132 (this coin imaged); ex. Hirsch 271, lot 2495 (Feb 2011); ex. collection of Jean-Pierre Righetti (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Balbinus. AD 238. 37mm 25.28g Obv: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Balbinus, right, seen from front, ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙϹ Δ ΚΑΙΛ ΒΑΛΒΕΙΝΟΝ ϹΕΒ, Π Π. Rev: Heracles standing right, head left, wrestling against giant Antaeus and lifting him off the ground; below, club, ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ, Α Μ Κ Β Γ. Ref: Voegtli, p. 67- , SNG France 1629- , RPC VII.2, 3006 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Gordian III (238-244). Æ 35mm, 23.77g Obv: Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, right, seen from rear, ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΑΝΤ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕΒ, Π Π, Rev: Gordian III, laureate, in military dress, riding on galloping horse right, with right hand spearing lion running right, head left, transperced with a spear, ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟ(Π)(ΟΛΕ), Α Μ Κ Β Γ. Ref: SNG von Aulock 6040; BMC 282-3; SNG Leypold 2682; RPC VII.2, 3062 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Gordian III. 238-244 AD. Æ 26.1gr. 37.2mm Radiate and cuirassed bust right, viewed from the front; Π-Π across field / T[AP]COV MHT-POΠOΛEΩC, Herakles standing right, strangling the Nemean lion; club in exergue; A/M/K-Γ/B in fields. SNG Levante 1127 (same dies); SNG France 1692 (same dies); Voegtli 2a. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Gordian III.238-244 AD. Æ 36mm, 21.08g Obv: ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ Μ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟϹ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ ϹƐΒ, Π Π; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, r., seen from rear Rev: Α Μ Κ Γ Β, ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛƐ; double crown of the Cilicarch, decorated with two imperial busts in the outer side, and five imperial busts and two Nikai in the inner side, on table with three straight legs Ref: RPC VII.2, — (unassigned; ID 3241) (Author's collection)

Herennia Etruscilla Cilicia, Tarsus 249 – 251 A.D. Æ 31 (13.69g) Obv.: Diad. drap. bust, right on cresc ΑΝΝΙΑΝΑΙΤΡΟΥCΚΙΛΛΑΝCΕ Rev.: Cult statue of Apollo Lykeios stg on omphalos holding wolves ΤΑΡCΟΥΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩC ΓΒ ΑΜΚ Ref: Levante 1171 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Trebonianus Gallus 251-253 AD Æ 31mm, 17,09 g Obv: ΑΥ ΚΑΙ Γ ΟΥΙΒΙΟΝ ΤΡΙΒΩ ΓΑΛΛΟΝ Π Π, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛƐΩϹ, Α Μ Κ Γ Β, Gallus(?) standing right, holding spear, extending right hand to Ares standing left, helmeted, holding Nike and spear. Ref: RPC IX 1402; Ziegler 816; SNG von Aulock 6073. (Author's collection / image courtesy of Savoca)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Gallienus, 253-268. Hexassarion (31 mm, 14.67 g, 7 h). AY KAI Π HΓ ΓAΛΛIHNON ЄC (sic!) / Π - Π Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gallienus to right, seen from behind. Rev. TAPC MHTPOΠOΛ A M K / Γ - B Dionysos standing front, head to left, holding kantharos in his right hand and thyrsos in his left; at feet to left, panter seated left, looking back. SNG Levante -. SNG Paris 1826. Ziegler -. RPC X, ID 60599 (this coin imaged); Leu 15 lot 1350 (2021); ex Leu 9, lot 837 (Sept 2019); ex. collection of Dr. P. Vogl, ex Münzhandlung Athena 1, 8 Oct 1987, lot 293 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Philip I the Arab (244-249). AE 36mm 24.44g Obv: [...]Λ ΦΙΛIΠΠON [...]. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: TAPSOV MHTPOΠO / A M K Γ B. Selene, with crescent on head and billowing veil, driving biga of bulls right. Cf. SNG France 1730/1729 (obv. die of 1730/rev. die of 1729); SNG Levante -; CNG E-282, lot 191 (same dies); Author's collection

CILICIA, Tarsus Gallienus 253 - 268 AD Æ 31mm, 17.52g Obv: ΑΥ ΚΑΙ Π ΗΓ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝΟΣ ΣΕΒ / Π - Π, draped armor bust with radiate crown Rev: ΤΑΡΣΟΥ Μ-ΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ / Α / Μ / Κ - Γ / Γ, the seer Amphilochos in hunting clothes n. L. standing, in the l. Holding arm upturned lance, in outstretched branch bundle, l. to his feet boar. Ref: SNG PfSlg 1476; RPC X, ID 60625 (this coin imaged); ex. German Private Collection of E.L. ex Künker, Auction 136, No. 1191 (March 10, 2008) Gorny & Mosch 265 #1106 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Severus Alexander 222 – 235 AD Æ 32mm, 25.11g Obv.: Laur. bust of emp., r. ΑΥΤΚΑΜΑΥΡCΕΟΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟC Rev.: Aqueduct or archway ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 1450 (this coin); CNG 121, Lot 129 (Aug 2005) Author's collection

Anazarbus gate re-imagined

Remains of the Triumphal Archway at Anazarbus depicted on coin above

Author with local Kurdish family - Anazarbus citadel resting on acropolis behind

CILICIA, Anazarbus Trajan 98-110 AD. AE 20mm; 7.17g; 12h Obv: Laureate bust of emperor, facing right, ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΡ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ ΓΕΡ ΔΑ Rev: laureate bust of Zeus, right before Anazarbos crag surmounted by Acropolis; above, ΚΑΙϹΑΡΕΩΝ ΠΡ ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ ΕΤ ϚΚΡ. REf: SNG Levante 1377; ex. Martina Dierterle (2010) (Author's collection)

Acropolis of Anazarbus (Anavarsa) depicted on the coin above

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Marcus Aurelius 161-180 AD. 24mm, 11.49g Obv: emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus standing, facing each other, clasping hands, both wearing toga and holding scroll, ϹΕΒΑϹ ΑΝΤΩΝ(Ε)ΙΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΥΗΡ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ; Rev: Decastyle temple, ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟϹ ΤΩ ΑΝΑΖΑΡ(Β) ΕΤ ΒΠΡ. Ref: Ziegler 185 ex. Numismatik Lanz 117, lot 789 (Oct 2003) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Macrinus, 217-218 AD Æ Triassarion, 28mm, 15.50g CY 235 = 217 Obv: [AYT] K M OΠ CЄY MAKPЄINOC CЄB Laureate head of Macrinus to right Rev ANAZ ЄNΔ MHT PΩM TPOΠ KЄK / ЄT ЄΛC Two temples: tetrastyle on the left and octastyle on the right. Ref: SNG Levante 1416 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus. Otacilia Severa. 244-249 AD. Æ 31mm, 18.14g Obv: ΩTAKЄIΛIA CЄOΥHPA CЄB; Draped bust of Otacilia Severa set on crescent to right, wearing stephane Rev: ANAZAPBOΥ MHTPOΠO / ЄT - ΓΞC Eirene seated left on throne, holding branch in her right hand and scepter in her left; in exergue, helmet, cuirass, shield, greaves and spear Ref: SNG Paris 2114 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Anazarbus Herennius Etruscus 249-251 AD Dated CY 269 (250/1). Æ Triassarion 27mm, 11.71g Obv: ΚVΙΝ ЄΡЄ ЄΤΡ ΜЄϹ ΔЄΚΚΙΟϹ Κ; Laureate, draped cuirassed bust right. Rev: ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟV ЄΝΔΟ ΜΗΤ / Γ Γ / ЄΤ ΘΞϹ. Six stars above crescent. Ref: RPC IX 1496.5; Ziegler 757; Ziegler 1132; SNG BN 2124 (Author's collection/image courtesy of Savoca)

Alexandria ad Issum

CILICIA, Alexandria ad Issum. Time of Hadrian (98-138 AD) Æ 15mm, 2.71g. Obv: AΛEΞANΔPEωN. Laureate bust of Poseidon. Rev: KAT ICCON. Dolphin swimming right; trident above. Ref: RPC III 3401 (3 spec.); SNG Lev. Suppl. 432. (Author's collection)

Corycus (Korykos)

Traveling westward along the Mediterranean one comes to the remains of Korykos and the two enduring Armenian fortresses that remain the central feature of the site. The most stunning is Maiden’s castle or “Kizkalesi” (200 meters into the water), named after a legend about a 12th century Armenian king whose daughter had been prophesied to die by the poisonous bite of a snake. To protect his daughter the king placed her in the castle; however, a poisonous snake traveled to the castle in a basket of fruit and bit her, fulfilling the prophecy. The fortress in the sea has been known by many different names including Crambusa, described by Strabo as a refuge for pirates prior to Roman domination of the region. The current structure probably dates to the Byzantine Admiral Eugenius who in 1104 AD established it as a link in the chain of coastal fortifications used to defend the borders of Byzantium. The other castle, known simply as “castle by the sea” dates from a similar period although portions of its construction and building materials date from the 2nd through 5th century AD. 

The ruins surrounding these structures (the remains of Korykos) constitute the largest archeological site in the region. Historically, the city owes its namesake to a Cypriot prince (of the same name according to Herodotus). Adding to his Syrian kingdom, Antiochos III captured the area in 197 BC but it was later relinquished to the Romans in 67 BC. The present-day remains of many Byzantine and late Roman-style churches and basilicas are testament to the changes in belief systems from paganism to modern Christianity beginning with the reign of Theodosius I (391 AD). Coinage produced from the city is a reminder of its former importance and role in the local economy and regional industry. During my own travels to this area I was exposed to several coins found locally although only one from Corycos specifically, (SNG France 1086, Tyche/Hermes carrying caduceus). Hermes, the God of commerce and communication, as a reverse type for coins minted in Corycos is consistent with the assertion that he was considered the main deity worshipped by the city’s populace. Coins produced from the area typically date from the 1st century BC through the third century AD and demonstrate a substantial range in variety. 

Author among the ruins of the city

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 26 Obv.: Diademed head of Zeus, right Monogram AΘΗ Rev.: Thalassa?, standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΕAΝ Ref: SNG Levante 790 (this coin); ex Waddell I lot #504 (1982), ex. CNG 99, lot 548 (2004) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 26 (13.09g) Obv.: Diademed head of Zeus, right Monogram AΘΗ Rev.: Thalassa?, standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΕAΝ Ref: SNG BN Cilicia 1072 (Levante 790 var.; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 22 (6.06g) Obv.: Hd. of city-goddess, r. ΑΚ behind Rev.: Hermes holding phiale & caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΕΡ ΠΟ ΕΡ Ref: Levante 792 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 22 Obv.: Hd. of city-goddess, r. ΑΚ behind Rev.: Hermes holding phiale & caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΕΡ ΠΟ ΕΡ Ref: Levante 794 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA. Korykos. Circa 1st Century BC. Æ 21mm (6.87 gm). Turreted head of Tyche right; SA behind / Hermes standing left, holding phiale and caduceus; KΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ (+ monogram) YB/ME left. SNG Levante 791 var. (letters); SNG France 1094; SNG Copenhagen 119 var. (same); SNG von Aulock 5679 var. (same); BMC Lycaonia etc. pg. 66, 1 var.; ex. 64, lot 168 (2004) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 17 Obv.: Turreted hd of Tyche, right ΟΥ behind Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding phiale and caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ (+ monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 791-795 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 17 Obv.: Turreted hd of Tyche, right ΟΥ behind Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding phiale and caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ (+ monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 791-795 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 17 Obv.: Demeter hd. r. Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding phiale and caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ (+ monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 799

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 17 Obv.: Demeter hd. r. Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding phiale and caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ (+ monogram) Ref: SNG Levante 800 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. Æ 25 (9.15g) Obv.: Head of Demeter r. Rev.: Hermes ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤ Ref: Levante 802 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos. 1st Century BC-Early Imperial Times. Æ 25mm (8.76 g, 7h). Diademed head of Aphrodite right; to right, aphlaston / Hermes standing half-right, holding purse and caduceus. SNG Levante 803 (this coin); SNG von Aulock 5681 (same); cf. SNG France 1101; ex. CNG 134, lot 99 (Mar 2006) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos ca. 1st cent B.C. Æ 15mm, 3.61g Obv: KOPYKIΩTΩN. Aphlaston. Rev: ΔΩ – PI (magistrate) Winged kerykeion Ref: SNG BN 1104-5 (legends); SNG Levante 804; ex. Naumann 54, 4 June 2017, lot 226 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos ca. 1st cent B.C. Æ 19mm, 3.89g Obv: KOPYKIΩTΩN. Aphlaston. Rev: AVTONOM; Winged kerykeion. Ref: SNG BN 1104-5 (legends); SNG Levante 804; ex. Naumann 63, 4 Mar. 2018, lot 36 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Korykos. 1st century BC Æ 19mm, 4.51g Obv: KOPYKI; Aphlaston. Rev: AVTONOM; Winged kerykeion. Ref: SNG BN 1104-5; SNG Levante 804. NN 138, lot 223 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Anonymous c. 1st cent. B.C. (15mm, 4.11g) Obv: Aplustre ΤΟΝΟ Μ… Rev: Winged cadeuceus ΚΩΡΥ Κ Ω ΤΩΝ Ref: SNG BN 1104-5 var., SNG Levante 804; RPC V.3, ID 93141 (only 1 other known) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Tiberius. AD 14-37. Æ 25mm, 9.51g. Obv: laureate head of Tiberius (?), right, ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΥ. Rev: diademed head of Aphrodite, right; to right, aphlaston, ΑΡΧ ΔΙΟ ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ Ref: RPC I 3711-2; SNG Levante 807 (this coin); ex. From the R. D. Frederick Collection. ex. CNG 286, lot 240 (2012); ex. CNG, lot 189 (2004); ex. Eduardo Levante Collection; Birkler & Waddell 4 (9 December 1982), lot 505 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Commodus 177 - 192 A.D. Æ 27mm, 10.10g, 12h. Obv.: Laur. bust of emp., r. ΑΥΚΤΜΑΥΑΝΤ. Rev.: Hermes with chlamys over shoulder, holding purse & caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙ ΑΥΤΟΝ Ref: SNG Levante 808 (this coin); ex. CNG 134, 1 Mar. 2006, lot 183 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Caracalla 193 - 217 A.D. Æ 22mm Obv.: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Caracalla, right, seen from rear, ΑΥΤ Μ ΑΥ ΑΝΤ Rev.: Hermes with chlamys over shoulder, holding purse & caduceus ΚΩΡΥΚΙ ΑΥΤΟΝ Ref: Levante supl 218 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Julia Domna (Augusta, 193-211 AD). Æ 23mm, 9.21g, 12h. Obv: Draped bust r., ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΔΟΜΝΑ Rev: Aphrodite Euploia standing l., holding aphlaston and sceptre, ΚΩΡΥΚΙ ΑΥΤΟΝ. Ref: RPC V.3, ID 87689; SNG BnF -; SNG Levante -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock -; BMC -. 1 of 2 known (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Severus Alexander AD 222-235. Æ 32 mm, 19.96 g Obv: AΥ Κ Μ ΑΥΡ CЄVΗΡ ΑΛΕΣΑΝΔΡΟC, laureate/draped, cuirassed bust r.; aegis on breastplate Rev: KΩΡYKIΩTΩN AYTONOMΩΝ, Aphrodite Euploia standing l., holding aphlaston & sceptre at feet, prow of galley l. Ref: SNG France 1112; SNG Levante Suppl. 219; Ziegler 549 (this coin imaged); ex. Savoca 167, 25 June 2023, lot 223 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Julia Mamaea 222 – 235 A.D. Æ 29mm (10.18g) Obv.: Draped bust of emp., r., ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΜΑΜΕΑ ϹΕΒΑ Rev.: Hermes standing facing, head left, holding caduceus, chlamys and purse; at his feet, ram, left, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΝΑΥΑΡΧ Ref: SNG Levante unpublished (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 32mm, 14.17g Obv.: radiate and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, right, seen from front, ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΝΤΩ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟ Ref: SNG Levante 811 (this coin); vAulock 5682 (this coin); RPC VII.2, 2933 (no. 3 this coin); ex. CNG 69, 8 June 2005, lot 1097 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 28mm (9.79g) Obv.: Bust of emp., r. Rev.: Poseidon holding dolphin ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΝΤ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ; Rev: Poseidon standing right, holding dolphin and trident, left foot on prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙΔΟϹ Ref: SNG Levante 812 (this coin); RPC VII.2, 2938 (no. 3 this coin); CNG 90, 26 May 2004, lot 191 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Gordian III 238-244 AD Æ 25mm, 6.47g Obv: Laur, drap/cuir bust right, ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΝΤ(Ω) ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ. Rev: KΩPVKIΩΤΩΝ AVTONOMOV Poseidon standing r. Ref: SNG Levante 812 var.; SNG France 1113 var.; Lindgren & Kovacs 1482 (this coin); ex. WB & RE Montgomery coll. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 26mm (9.17g) Obv.: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III, right, seen from rear, ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΝΤ(Ω) ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ Rev.: Poseidon standing left, holding dolphin and trident, right foot on prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟ Ref: SNG Levante 812 var.; RPC VII.2, 2937 (no. 9 this coin); ex. Papillon Numismatic 5, 6 Mar. 2021, lot 530 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gordian III 238 – 244 A.D. Æ 29mm Obv.: Rad. bust of emp., r., ΑΥ Κ Μ ΑΝΤΩ ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟϹ, Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding purse and caduceus; at feet, left, ram, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙΔΟϹ Ref: SNG France 1114; RPC VII.2, 2936 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Tranquillina 241 - 244 A.D. Æ 20mm, 7.11g Obv.: diademed and draped bust of Tranquillina, right, ϹΑΒΙΝΙΑ ΤΡΑΝΚΥΛΛΙΝΑ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding mirror and dressing her hair; at feet, left, dolphin, ΚΩΡΥ[ΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΝΑ]ΥΑΡ Ref: Levante 814 (this coin), 1 of 2 known (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Philip I, 244-249 A.D. Æ 29mm, 12.44g Obv: laur. draped & cuirassed bust r. ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΙΟΥΛΙΟC ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC CЄΒ Rev: Aphrodite Euploia stdg l., holding scepter and aphlaston ΚΟΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜ Ref: SNG Levante 815; Gorny & Mosch 170, 13 Oct. 2008, lot 1818; Lanz 138, 26 Nov. 2007, lot 822 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Philip I, 244-249 A.D. Æ 29mm, 15.19g Obv: laur. draped & cuirassed bust r. ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΙΟΥΛΙΟC ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC CЄΒ Rev: Aphrodite Euploia stdg l., holding scepter and aphlaston ΚΟΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜ Ref: SNG Levante 815; ex. M&M GmbH 20, 10 Oct. 2006, lot 236; CNG 266, 19 Oct. 2011, lot 261 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Philip I, 244-249 A.D. Æ 31mm; 15.60g, 6h Obv: laur. draped & cuirassed bust r. ΑΥΤ Κ Μ ΙΟΥΛΙΟC ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC CЄΒ Rev: Thalassa, wearing a headdress of crab claws, standing facing, her head slightly left, extending arm and holding rudder and aphlaston. ΚΟΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜ Ref: SNG Levante 816; SNG Levante 1117; ex. Naumann 63, 4 Mar. 2018, lot 256 (Vogl collection); Aufhäuser 11, 21 Mar. 1995, lot 317 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Otacilia Severa, 244-249 A.D., Æ 25mm, 9.33g Obv: laur. draped & cuirassed bust r., ΩΤΑΚΙΙΑΝ CEΟΥΗΡΛΝ Rev: Aphrodite Euploia stdg l., holding scepter and aphlaston, ΚΩΡΥ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜ Ref: SNG Levante 817 (this coin); SNG vA 5685 (this coin); ex. CNG 90, 26 May 2004, lot 193 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Otacilia Severa, 244-249 A.D. Æ 25mm, 14.31g, Obv: laur. draped & cuirassed bust r., ΩΤΑΚΙΙΑΝ CEΟΥΗΡΛΝ, Rev: Hermes standing left, holding purse and caduceus; at feet, left, ibis, ΚΩΡΥ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: RPC VIII, ID 2669; SNG Levante 818 unpublished variant; ex. M&M GmbH 30, 28 May 2009, lot 1163 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Philip II, as Caesar. Æ 23mm, 5.1g, AD 244-247. Obv: bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust of Philip II, right, seen from front, Μ ΙΟΥΛΙΟΝ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΤΟΝ (sic) ΚΕ; Rev: Hermes standing left, holding purse and caduceus; at feet, left, ram, ΚΩΡΥΚ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: RPC VIII, — ID 2676 (1 of 3 known) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Valerian I (253-260 AD) Æ 32mm, 14.09g Obv:AV K ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: KΩPVKIΩTΩN AV NAVAPXIC / ΘЄΜΙΑ Prize crown, containing palm frond, caduceus and aplustre, and inscribed ΘЄΜΙΑ, set upon table with ornate legs; to right, Dionysos standing left, holding cantharus and filleted thyrsus; between, panther standing left, head right. Ref: SNG BN 1122-5; SNG Levante 819; ex. Naumann 78, 2 June 2019, lot 669 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus Valerian I (253-260 AD) Æ 32mm, 15.06g Obv:AV K ΠO ΛIK OVAΛЄPIANOC Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: KΩPVKIΩTΩN AV NAVAPXIC / ΘЄΜΙΑ Prize crown, containing palm frond, caduceus and aplustre, and inscribed ΘЄΜΙΑ, set upon table with ornate legs; to right, Dionysos standing left, holding cantharus and filleted thyrsus; between, panther standing left, head right. Ref: SNG BN 1122-5; SNG Levante 819 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Valerian I (253-260 AD) Æ 28mm, 11.67g Obv: AY KA ΠOY ΛIK OYAΛЄPIANOC diademed and draped bust right Rev: KΩPVKIΩ-TΩN AVT NA/VAP-XIC, Diana with bow and deer Ref: McClean 9061; RPC X, ID 60450 (this coin imaged); Ziegler 557 (this coin imaged); ex. Savoca Coins Silver 187th Silver, 10 Dec. 2023, lot 156 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Valerian I (253-260 AD) Æ 32mm, 15.06g Obv: AY KA ΠOY ΛIK OYAΛЄPIANOC diademed and draped bust right Rev: KΩPVKIΩ-TΩN AVT NA/VAP-XIC, Diana with bow and deer Ref: McClean 9061; SNG Levante 819; RPC X, ID 60450 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gallienus 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 26mm, 12.44g Obv.: Laur. bust of emperor facing right., ΑΥ Κ ΠΟ Λ(Ι)Κ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝ-ΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 821, France 2, 1126; ex. Gorny & Mosch 160, 9 Oct. 2007, lot 1992 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gallienus 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 27mm, 13.09g Obv.: Laur. bust of emp., r., ΑΥ Κ ΠΟ Λ(Ι)Κ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝ-ΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 821, France 2, 1126; ex. CNG 117, 29 June 2005, lot 132 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gallienus 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 27mm, 12.26g Obv.: Laur. bust of emperor facing right., ΑΥ Κ ΠΟ Λ(Ι)Κ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝ-ΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 821, France 2, 1126; ex. CNG 266, 19 Oct. 2011, lot 262; ex. CNG 112, 13 Apr. 2005, lot 129 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gallienus 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 28mm, 16.1g Obv.: Laur. bust of emperor facing right., ΑΥ Κ ΠΟ Λ(Ι)Κ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝ-ΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 821, France 2, 1126 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Gallienus 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 29mm, 14.89g Obv.: Laur. bust of emperor facing right., ΑΥ Κ ΠΟ Λ(Ι)Κ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝ-ΟϹ Rev.: Aphrodite standing left, holding aphlaston and sceptre; at feet, left, prow of ship, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Ref: SNG Levante 821 (this coin), France 2, 1126 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Salonina 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 24 (9.60g) Obv.: Diad. bust of emp., r., ΚΟΝΝΗΛ (sic) ϹΑΛΩΝΙΝΑΝ Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding purse in right and caduceus in left; to left, ram, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩ ΑΥΤ / ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: SNG Levante 822 var. ; ex. CNG 188, 28 May 2008, lot 267; ex. J.S. Wagner collection (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Corycus. Salonina 253 - 268 A.D. Æ 25mm, 11.80g Obv.: Diad. bust of emp., r., ΚΟΝΝΗΛ (sic) ϹΑΛΩΝΙΝΑΝ Rev.: Hermes standing left, holding purse in right and caduceus in left; to left, ram, ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩ ΑΥΤ / ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙϹ Ref: SNG Levante 822; SNG BN 1129; Numismad 9, 8–9 Sept. 2023, lot 931 (Author's collection)

Author on the shores of Corycus' ruins overlooking the Maiden's castle

Aerial of Korykos castle

Aerial view of Mersin Kizkalesi (island castle)

Korykos necropolis sarcophogus

Temple of Zeus remains at Dioceasarea (as depicted on coin left)

Korykos fortress

Korykos fortress at sea

Images of Elaeusa-Sebaste (cont.)

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste reconstruction of temple

Basillica and Necropolis

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste thermae complex

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste thermae portico (close up)

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste archeological diagram-schematic of the site

Cilicia, Elaeusa-Sebaste agora and byzantine bascilica

Flaviopolis

CILICIA, Flaviopolis. Domitian, 81 - 96 AD AE 25mm 6.6g . Obverse: Laureate head of Domitian right. Reverse: Veiled Tyche seated right holding grain ears, river god Pyramus swimming to right at feet. RPC 1758 // SNG France 2168 // SNG Levante 1530 (Author's collection)

Mopsos

CILICIA. Mopsouestia-Mopsos. Macrinus, 217-218. Hexassarion (34 mm, 19.20 g, 1 h), CY 285 = 217/8. AYT K M OΠ CЄΥΗ MAKPЄINOC Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Macrinus to right. Rev. AΔP MOΨЄATΩN ЄΠC Nike advancing left, holding wreath in her right hand. SNG Levante -. SNG Paris -. SNG PFPS -. SNG von Aulock -. Ziegler -. RPC V.3, ID 79707 (this coin imaged - 1 of 1 known) ex. Leu WA 11, 22 Feb. 2020, lot 1372; ex. G. Hirsch 336, 7 Feb. 2018, lot 2555; ex. G. Hirsch 328, 10 May 2017, lot 577; ex. G. Hirsch 317, 18 Feb. 2016, lot 2266; ex. G. Hirsch 309, 7 May 2015, lot 584; ex. G. Hirsch 303, 25 Sept. 2014, lot 3132; ex. G. Hirsch 296, 13 Feb. 2014, lot 2293; ex. G. Hirsch 289, 2 May 2013, lot 911; ex. G. Hirsch 284, 26 Sept. 2012, lot 2953 (Author's Collection)

CILICIA, Mopsouestia-Mopsos Macrinus Æ Hexassarion 15.97g, 35mm, 6h. Dated CY 285 = AD 217/8. Obv: AYT K M OΠ CЄ MAKPЄINOC, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: AΔP MOΨЄATΩN ЄΠC, Zeus seated left, holding Nike in right hand and long sceptre with left;eagle standing left, head right, at feet. Ref: Imhoof-Blumer KM, p. 475, 9; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG Levante -; SNG Leypold -; SNG France -; SNG von Aulock -. Ex Leu Numismatik AG, Web Auction 1, 25 June 2017, lot 802; Ex Art Coins Roma, Auction 4, 5 December 2011, lot 232. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Mopsus Macrinus (217-218 AD) Æ 29mm, 13.00g Dated CY 285 (217/8) Obv: AVT K M OΠ CЄV MAKPЄINOC Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: AΔP ΜΟΨЄΑΤΩΝ ЄTO. Tyche seated left on rocks, holding grain ears; ЄΠ - C (date) across field; below, river god Pyramos swimming left, head right. Ref: SNG Levante 1348. (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Mopsouestia-Mopsos Diadumenian 217-218 AD Æ 27mm, 10.31g, 6h; CY 285 (217/8 AD). Obv: Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right Rev: Lit altar on a table with feet in the form of lion's paws; beneath, crab; CΠЄ (date) around altar. Ref: SNG Levante –; SNG Levante Suppl. –; SNG BN 1993; Von Aulock, Mopsos 69a (Author's collection / image courtesy of Savoca)

Tarsus

recently excavated Roman colonnaded road in Tarsus

CILICIA, Tarsus Trajan 98-117 AD AR Tetradrachm (ca. 103-111 AD) 27mm 13.69g 12h. Obv: Bust of emperor right Rev: Tyche seated right on rocky outcropping holding pam frond, river-god Cydnus swimming TAP monogram Ref: RPC IIrueyr 754; SNG Levante 991 ex. CNG Levante 991; ex. CNG 58 lot 951 (2001); Dr. Kelly J. Krizan coll. (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Hadrian, 117-138. Tridrachm (Silver, 26 mm, 9.81 g, 12 h). ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹE Laureate head of Hadrian to right, with slight drapery on his left shoulder. Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ Lion attacking bull kneeling left. Prieur 764. RPC III 3263 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Hadrian, 117-138. Tridrachm (Silver, 24 mm, 10.00 g, 12 h). ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹE Laureate head of Hadrian to right, with slight drapery on his left shoulder. Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ Rivergod. (Author's collection)

Author at lunch alongside the Cydnus river (site of Alexander the Great's near death chill after defeating Persians in 333 BC)

CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian (117-138 AD). AR Tridrachm, 25mm, 10.05g Obv: ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡA ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡAI ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕB, Laureate head right Rev: ΤΑΡСΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛEΩС Tyche seated left on throne, holding palm frond and cornucopia; to lower left, river god Kydnos swimming left, facing; all within wreath. Ref: RPC I 3262; Prieur 761 ex Artemis Collection (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Marcus Aurelius, with Lucius Verus. AD 161-169. Æ 31mm, 16.30g Obv: AVT KAIC MAP AVPHΛIO ANTΩNЄINOC CЄB, laureate head of Marcus right Rev: AΔPAINHC TAPCOY MHTPOΠOΛЄΩC, Marcus, holding volumen in left hand, and Lucius standing facing one another, clasping right hands; star above, OMO/NOIA/ CЄBACTΩN between emperors and continuing into exergue. Ref: SNG Levante 1017; SNG France 1452 var. (Author's collection)

Faustina Jr. Cilicia, Tarsos 146 - 176 A.D Æ 32 Obv.: Bare hd. of emp. l. FAUCTEINA CЄBACTH Rev.: Apollo holding slain wolves, bull below ADRIANHC TARC OU MHTROPOLΕΩC Ref: SNG France 2, 1454; Ziegler 682; Lindgren 1623 (this coin; Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Lucius Verus (161-169 AD) Æ 31mm, 19.11g, h 12 Obv: ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙC ΜΑΡ ΑΥΡΗΛΙO ΑΝΤΩΝEΙΝΟC CEΒ, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust r. Rev: ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ϹEΒΑCΤΩΝ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗC ΤΑΡCΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛEΩC, Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius standing facing each other, clasping hands and holding rolls. Ref: RPC IV.3 online 5034 (temporary); SNG BnF 1458; SNG Levante -. ex Bertolami 92 #1348; ex Gorny & Mosch 191 #1829 (Author's collection)

Tarsus city - excavation of roman road and collonade

CILICIA. Tarsus. Caracalla, 198-217. Hexassarion (Bronze, 33 mm, 18.37 g, 6 h), circa 214/5-217. [ΑΥ]Τ ΚΑΙ Μ ΑΥΡ CЄΥΗΡΟC ΑΝ[ΤΩΝЄΙΝΟC CЄΒ] / Π - Π Laureate and cuirassed bust of Caracalla to right, seen from behind. Rev. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΝΗC CЄ[Y ΑΔΡ ΜΗΤ] / ΤΑΡCΟΥ / Γ Β / Α / Μ Κ Lion walking right. SNG Paris 1516. ex. Leu 11, lot 1389 (Feb 2020); ex. CNG 304, lot 267 (June 2013); ex. Kelly J. Krizan Collection (author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Caracalla (198-217 AD) Æ 33mm, 18.20g. Obv: AVT KAI M AVP CEVHPOC ANTΩNEINOS CEB / Π - Π. Laureate head left. Rev: ANTΩNIANHC CEVHP AΔP / TAPCOV / A - M / K. Elephant advancing left; on back, three ears of grain. Ref: SNG Levante 1047; Roma (May 2013, Lot 894) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Caracalla 198-217 A.D. Æ 32mm 16.34g Obv.: AVT KAI M AVP CЄVHPOC ANTΩNЄINOC CЄB / Π - Π Laureate head left. Rev.: ANTΩNIANHC CЄV MHTP / TAPCOV / A MK ΓΒ. Hercules left, wrestling with Antaeus; club and lion skin to left Ref: SNG France 1521; RPC V.3, ID 84742 (this coin imaged) Naumann 48, lot 474 (Nov 2016) (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus Caracalla, 198-217 AD Æ Tetrassarion 33mm, 18.23 g, 7 h Obv: AYT KAI M AVP CЄOYHPOC ANTΩNЄINOC CЄB / Π - Π Laureate and cuirassed bust of Caracalla r. Rev. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΝΗC CЄYΗ ΑΔΡ ΜΗΤP / TAPCOY / Є - Δ / K Herakles grasping the giant Antaios around the waist and raising him from the ground; to right, club. Ref: SNG Levante 1057; SNG Paris 1520; RPC V.3, ID 84771 (this coin imaged); ex. Leu 8, lot 778 (June 2019) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Caracalla. 198-217 AD. Æ 33mm, 23.84g Caracalla 193 - 217 A.D. Æ 33 Obv.: Laureate bust of emperor right AUTKΑΙΜΑΥΡ.CЄUΗΡΟC ANTΩNEIHOC P P in ex. Rev.: Sol holding globe ANTΩNЄIΝЄΙΑΝΗC CЄUΗΑΔ TARCOU AMK CЄIT in ex. Ref: SNG Levante 1044 (this coin); CNG 90, 26 May 2004, lot 296 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Macrinus. AD 217-218. Æ (34mm, 12h). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; small statue of Apollo Lykeios before / Tyche standing right, presenting wreath to Macrinus standing left, holding spear; altar between. SNG France 1549 (same obv. die); SNG Levante -; SNG Levante Suppl. 271 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Maximinus I, 235-238 AD Æ Hexassarion 36 mm, 22.00g, 6h Obv: AΥT•K•Γ•IOY•OYH• MAΞIMEINOC Π - Π Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Maximinus I to r. Rev: TAPCOY•THC•MHTPOΠOΛЄⲰ A / M / K - Γ / B Herakles advancing left, extending his right hand and holding club in his left. Ref: RPC VI online 7108/6 (this coin). SNG Levante 1097. SNG Paris 1588. ex Naumann 88, lot 523 (2020); ex. Leu 19, lot 2300 (2022) (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Maximinus I Thrax 235-238 AD Æ38mm, 23.73g Obv: AVT K Γ IOV OVH MAXIMINOC; Π-Π, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Rev: TAPCOV THC MHTPOΠOΛEΩΣ A M K Γ B, draped and turreted bust of Tyche right, ram leaping above. Ref: SNG France 1592; cf. BMC 232 (Author collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Balbinus. AD 238. Æ (34mm, 26.81 g, 6h). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Balbinus on horseback right, wearing military attire, thrusting spear at lion below. RPC VII.2 3003; SNG BN 1630 (same dies); SNG Levante Suppl. 280 (same dies). From the W. Toliver Besson Collection. Ex Berk BBS 217 (30 November 2021), lot 431 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus. Gordian III 238-244 AD Æ 35mm, 24.26g Obv: AVT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CЄB / Π - Π. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, holding spear and shield decorated with gorgoneion. Rev: TAPCOV MHTPOΠOΛЄ / A / M K B Γ. Lion attacking bull right. RPC VII.2 3085; SNG Levante 1141. Ex Gilbert Steinberg Collection, Numismatica Ars Classica (1994), lot 884 (Author's collection)

CILICIA. Tarsus. Otacilia Severa (Augusta, 244-249). AE 32mm, 15.97g Obv: ΩTAKIΛ CЄVHPAN ЄVT ЄVC CЄ. Draped bust right, wearing stephane. Rev: TAPCOV THC MHTPOΠOΛЄ / A Γ M B K. Elpis advancing left, holding flower and raising hem of skirt. SNG France 1746 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Valerian I 253-260 AD Æ (31mm, 17.67 g, 6h) Obv: Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front Rev: Tyche, turreted and veiled, seated facing, head right, on rocks above river-god Cydnus swimming left; to right, Perseus standing left crowing Tyche and holds harpa; to left, Herakles stands right, holding club, lion’s skin draped over his arm. Ref: RPC X Online 60622 (this coin) SNG Levante 1188 (this coin). ex CNG 70 (Sept 2005), lot 587 (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Gordian III 238-244 AD Æ 34mm, 17.80g Obv: AVT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC CЄB / Π - Π.; Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian right, holding shield and spear Rev: TAPCOV MHTPOΠOΛЄΩC A M K B Γ; Turreted and draped bust of Tyche right. Ref: SNG Levante 1145 var. (rev. legend); SNG BN 1706 var (Author's collection)

CILICIA, Tarsus Trajan Decius 249-251 AD Æ 34mm, 23.09g Obv: ΑΥ ΚΑΙ Γ ΜƐϹ ΚΥΙΝ ΔƐΚΙΟϹ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟϹ Π Π, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right Rev: ΤΑΡϹΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛƐΩϹ, Α Μ Κ Γ Β, Artemis advancing left, head right, drawing arrow from quiver and holding bow; stag at side to left. Ref: RPC IX 1346; SNG BnF 1763 (Author's collection / image courtesy of Savoca)

Zephrion

CILICIA, Zephrion. 18mm, 4.364g Tyche, cross within wreath. (Author's collection)